Puerto Rico, Net Yearly Migration Estimates

(Positive numbers indicate net emigration from Puerto Rico; 

negative numbers denote net immigration to Puerto Rico)

Year
(a)
(b)
(c )
(d)
(e)
(f)
1909
-3,111
x
x
x
x
-3,111
1910
-3,500
x
x
x
x
-3,500
1911
-1,475
x
x
x
x
-1,475
1912
-195
x
x
x
x
-195
1913
-22
x
x
x
x
-22
1914
588
x
x
x
x
588
1915
339
x
x
x
x
339
1916
-33
x
x
x
x
-33
1917
2,354
x
x
x
x
2,354
1918
4,212
x
x
x
x
4,212
1919
3,312
x
x
x
x
3,312
1920
4,139
4,139
x
x
x
4,139
1921
-612
-612
x
x
x
-612
1922
-633
-633
x
x
x
-633
1923
1,756
1,756
x
x
x
1,756
1924
3,720
3,720
x
x
x
3,720
1925
2,137
2,137
x
x
x
2,137
1926
5,621
5,621
x
x
x
5,621
1927
8,729
8,729
x
x
x
8,729
1928
6,144
6,144
x
x
x
6,144
1929
4,637
4,637
x
x
x
4,637
1930
5,576
5,576
x
x
x
5,576
1931
-1,938
-1,938
x
x
x
-1,938
1932
-2,708
-2,708
x
x
x
-2,708
1933
-1,082
-1,082
x
x
x
-1,082
1934
-2,966
-2,966
x
x
x
-2,966
1935
1,017
1,017
x
x
x
1,017
1936
3,448
3,448
x
x
x
3,448
1937
4,518
4,518
x
x
x
4,518
1938
2,362
2,362
x
x
x
2,362
1939
4,488
4,488
x
x
x
4,488
1940
1,904
1,008
1,008
x
x
1,008
1941
988
500
500
x
x
500
1942
1,837
928
928
x
x
928
1943
2,599
2,601
2,601
x
x
2,601
1944
7,548
8,088
8,088
x
x
8,088
1945
14,794
11,003
11,003
x
x
11,003
1946
x
24,621
24,621
x
x
24,621
1947
x
35,144
35,144
x
x
35,144
1948
x
28,031
28,031
x
x
28,031
1949
x
33,086
33,086
x
x
33,086
1950
x
34,155
34,155
x
x
34,155
1951
x
41,920
41,920
x
x
41,920
1952
x
61,658
61,658
x
x
61,658
1953
x
74,603
74,603
x
x
74,603
1954
x
44,209
44,209
x
x
44,209
1955
x
31,182
31,182
x
x
31,182
1956
x
61,647
61,647
x
x
61,647
1957
x
48,284
48,284
x
x
48,284
1958
x
25,956
25,956
x
x
25,956
1959
x
37,212
37,212
x
x
37,212
1960
x
23,742
23,742
x
x
23,742
1961
x
13,800
13,800
x
x
13,800
1962
x
11,363
11,363
x
x
11,363
1963
x
4,798
4,798
x
x
4,798
1964
x
4,366
4,366
x
x
4,366
1965
x
10,758
10,758
x
x
10,758
1966
x
30,089
30,089
x
x
30,089
1967
x
34,174
34,174
x
x
34,174
1968
x
18,681
18,681
x
x
18,681
1969
x
-7,047
-7,047
x
x
-7,047
1970
x
16,140
44,082
x
44,082
44,082
1971
x
-38,691
1,811
x
2,525
2,525
1972
x
-19,462
41,664
x
-23,668
-23,668
1973
x
-18,879
28,421
x
37,069
37,069
1974
x
-8,524
36,117
x
24,971
24,971
1975
x
x
39,184
x
5,430
5,430
1976
x
x
38,758
x
-36,201
-36,201
1977
x
x
x
4,610
4,610
4,610
1978
x
x
x
20,282
20,282
20,282
1979
x
x
x
6,078
6,078
6,078
1980
x
x
x
16,101
16,101
16,101
1981
x
x
x
x
10,460
10,460
1982
x
x
x
x
33,297
33,297
1983
x
x
x
x
44,433
44,433
1984
x
x
x
x
38,484
38,484
1985
x
x
x
x
28,609
28,609
1986
x
x
x
x
46,619
46,619
1987
x
x
x
x
22,325
22,325
1988
x
x
x
x
39,871
39,871
1989
x
x
x
x
8,066
8,066
1990
x
x
x
x
15,197
15,197
1991
x
x
x
x
18,741
18,741
1992
x
x
x
x
4,768
4,768
1993
x
x
x
x
-4,945
-4,945
1994
x
x
x
x
26,853
26,853
1995
x
x
x
x
-1,326
-1,326

(a)  Sol L. Descartes, Basic Statistics on Puerto Rico (Washington, D.C.: Office of Puerto Rico, 1946), Table I9.

(b)  U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Puerto Ricans in the Continental United States: an uncertain Future: a Report. (Washington: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 1976), Table 8, cites Puerto Rico Planning Board (Junta de Planificación) as the ultimate source.

(c)  City University of New York. Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños. History Task Force, Labor Migration Under Capitalism: the Puerto Rican Experience.( New York: Monthly Review Press, 1979), pp. 186-187.

(d)  Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico, Informe Económico al Gobernador  (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Junta de Planificación, 1980), p. 290.

(e) Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico. Informe Económico al Gobernador (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Junta de Planificación, 1995) Chapter V (Recursos Humanos),  p. 3.

(f) Estimate used in our graph.