Year |
(a)
|
(b)
|
(c )
|
(d)
|
(e)
|
(f)
|
1909 |
-3,111
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-3,111
|
1910 |
-3,500
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-3,500
|
1911 |
-1,475
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-1,475
|
1912 |
-195
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-195
|
1913 |
-22
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-22
|
1914 |
588
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
588
|
1915 |
339
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
339
|
1916 |
-33
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-33
|
1917 |
2,354
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
2,354
|
1918 |
4,212
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
4,212
|
1919 |
3,312
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
3,312
|
1920 |
4,139
|
4,139
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
4,139
|
1921 |
-612
|
-612
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-612
|
1922 |
-633
|
-633
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-633
|
1923 |
1,756
|
1,756
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
1,756
|
1924 |
3,720
|
3,720
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
3,720
|
1925 |
2,137
|
2,137
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
2,137
|
1926 |
5,621
|
5,621
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
5,621
|
1927 |
8,729
|
8,729
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
8,729
|
1928 |
6,144
|
6,144
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
6,144
|
1929 |
4,637
|
4,637
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
4,637
|
1930 |
5,576
|
5,576
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
5,576
|
1931 |
-1,938
|
-1,938
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-1,938
|
1932 |
-2,708
|
-2,708
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-2,708
|
1933 |
-1,082
|
-1,082
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-1,082
|
1934 |
-2,966
|
-2,966
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-2,966
|
1935 |
1,017
|
1,017
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
1,017
|
1936 |
3,448
|
3,448
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
3,448
|
1937 |
4,518
|
4,518
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
4,518
|
1938 |
2,362
|
2,362
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
2,362
|
1939 |
4,488
|
4,488
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
4,488
|
1940 |
1,904
|
1,008
|
1,008
|
x
|
x
|
1,008
|
1941 |
988
|
500
|
500
|
x
|
x
|
500
|
1942 |
1,837
|
928
|
928
|
x
|
x
|
928
|
1943 |
2,599
|
2,601
|
2,601
|
x
|
x
|
2,601
|
1944 |
7,548
|
8,088
|
8,088
|
x
|
x
|
8,088
|
1945 |
14,794
|
11,003
|
11,003
|
x
|
x
|
11,003
|
1946 |
x
|
24,621
|
24,621
|
x
|
x
|
24,621
|
1947 |
x
|
35,144
|
35,144
|
x
|
x
|
35,144
|
1948 |
x
|
28,031
|
28,031
|
x
|
x
|
28,031
|
1949 |
x
|
33,086
|
33,086
|
x
|
x
|
33,086
|
1950 |
x
|
34,155
|
34,155
|
x
|
x
|
34,155
|
1951 |
x
|
41,920
|
41,920
|
x
|
x
|
41,920
|
1952 |
x
|
61,658
|
61,658
|
x
|
x
|
61,658
|
1953 |
x
|
74,603
|
74,603
|
x
|
x
|
74,603
|
1954 |
x
|
44,209
|
44,209
|
x
|
x
|
44,209
|
1955 |
x
|
31,182
|
31,182
|
x
|
x
|
31,182
|
1956 |
x
|
61,647
|
61,647
|
x
|
x
|
61,647
|
1957 |
x
|
48,284
|
48,284
|
x
|
x
|
48,284
|
1958 |
x
|
25,956
|
25,956
|
x
|
x
|
25,956
|
1959 |
x
|
37,212
|
37,212
|
x
|
x
|
37,212
|
1960 |
x
|
23,742
|
23,742
|
x
|
x
|
23,742
|
1961 |
x
|
13,800
|
13,800
|
x
|
x
|
13,800
|
1962 |
x
|
11,363
|
11,363
|
x
|
x
|
11,363
|
1963 |
x
|
4,798
|
4,798
|
x
|
x
|
4,798
|
1964 |
x
|
4,366
|
4,366
|
x
|
x
|
4,366
|
1965 |
x
|
10,758
|
10,758
|
x
|
x
|
10,758
|
1966 |
x
|
30,089
|
30,089
|
x
|
x
|
30,089
|
1967 |
x
|
34,174
|
34,174
|
x
|
x
|
34,174
|
1968 |
x
|
18,681
|
18,681
|
x
|
x
|
18,681
|
1969 |
x
|
-7,047
|
-7,047
|
x
|
x
|
-7,047
|
1970 |
x
|
16,140
|
44,082
|
x
|
44,082
|
44,082
|
1971 |
x
|
-38,691
|
1,811
|
x
|
2,525
|
2,525
|
1972 |
x
|
-19,462
|
41,664
|
x
|
-23,668
|
-23,668
|
1973 |
x
|
-18,879
|
28,421
|
x
|
37,069
|
37,069
|
1974 |
x
|
-8,524
|
36,117
|
x
|
24,971
|
24,971
|
1975 |
x
|
x
|
39,184
|
x
|
5,430
|
5,430
|
1976 |
x
|
x
|
38,758
|
x
|
-36,201
|
-36,201
|
1977 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
4,610
|
4,610
|
4,610
|
1978 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
20,282
|
20,282
|
20,282
|
1979 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
6,078
|
6,078
|
6,078
|
1980 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
16,101
|
16,101
|
16,101
|
1981 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
10,460
|
10,460
|
1982 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
33,297
|
33,297
|
1983 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
44,433
|
44,433
|
1984 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
38,484
|
38,484
|
1985 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
28,609
|
28,609
|
1986 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
46,619
|
46,619
|
1987 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
22,325
|
22,325
|
1988 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
39,871
|
39,871
|
1989 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
8,066
|
8,066
|
1990 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
15,197
|
15,197
|
1991 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
18,741
|
18,741
|
1992 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
4,768
|
4,768
|
1993 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-4,945
|
-4,945
|
1994 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
26,853
|
26,853
|
1995 |
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
-1,326
|
-1,326
|
(a) Sol L. Descartes, Basic Statistics on Puerto Rico (Washington, D.C.: Office of Puerto Rico, 1946), Table I9. (b) U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Puerto Ricans in the Continental United States: an uncertain Future: a Report. (Washington: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 1976), Table 8, cites Puerto Rico Planning Board (Junta de Planificación) as the ultimate source. (c) City University of New York. Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños. History Task Force, Labor Migration Under Capitalism: the Puerto Rican Experience.( New York: Monthly Review Press, 1979), pp. 186-187. (d) Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico, Informe Económico al Gobernador (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Junta de Planificación, 1980), p. 290. (e) Junta de Planificación de Puerto Rico. Informe Económico al Gobernador (San Juan, Puerto Rico: Junta de Planificación, 1995) Chapter V (Recursos Humanos), p. 3. (f) Estimate used in our graph. |